man(1)

NAME
man - format and display the on-line manual pages
manpath - determine user's search path for man pages

SYNOPSIS
man [-acdfhkKtwW] [-m system] [-p string] [-C config_file] [-M path] [-P pager] [-S section_list] [section] name ...

DESCRIPTION
man formats and displays the on-line manual pages. This version knows about the MANPATH and (MAN)PAGER environment variables, so you can have your own set(s) of personal man pages and choose whatever program you like to display the formatted pages. If section is specified, man only looks in that section of the manual. You may also specify the order to search the sections for entries and which preprocessors to run on the source files via command line options or environment variables. If name contains a / then it is first tried as a filename, so that you can do man ./foo.5 or even man /cd/foo/bar.1.gz.

OPTIONS

-C  config_file
    Specify the man.conf file to use; the default is /usr/lib/man.conf. (See man.conf(5).)

-M  path
    Specify the list of directories to search for man pages. If no such option is given, the environment variable MANPATH is used. If no such environment variable is found, the default list is found by consulting /usr/lib/man.conf. An empty substring of MANPATH denotes the default list.

-P  pager
    Specify which pager to use. This option overrides the MANPAGER environment variable, which in turn overrides the PAGER variable. By default, man uses /usr/bin/less-is.

-S  section_list
    List is a colon separated list of manual sections to search. This option overrides the MANSECT environment variable.

-a  By default, man will exit after displaying the first manual page it finds. Using this option forces man to display all the manual pages that match name, not just the first.

-c  Reformat the source man page, even when an up-to-date cat page exists. This can be meaningful if the cat page was formatted for a screen with a different number of columns, or if the preformatted page is corrupted.

-d  Don't actually display the man pages, but do print gobs of debugging information.

-D  Both display and print debugging info.

-f  Equivalent to whatis.

-h  Print a one-line help message and exit.

-k  Equivalent to apropos.

-K  Search for the specified string in *all* man pages. Warning: this is probably very slow! It helps to specify a section. (Just to give a rough idea, on my machine this takes about a minute per 500 man pages.)

-m  system
    Specify an alternate set of man pages to search based on the system name given.

-p  string
    Specify the sequence of preprocessors to run before nroff or troff. Not all installations will have a full set of preprocessors. Some of the preprocessors and the letters used to designate them are: eqn (e), grap (g), pic (p), tbl (t), vgrind (v), refer (r). This option overrides the MANROFFSEQ environment variable.

-t  Use /usr/bin/groff -Tps -mandoc to format the manual page, passing the output to stdout. The output from /usr/bin/groff -Tps -mandoc may need to be passed through some filter or another before being printed.

-w or --path
    Don't actually display the man pages, but do print the location(s) of the files that would be formatted or displayed. If no argument is given: display (on stdout) the list of directories that is searched by man for man pages. If manpath is a link to man, then "manpath" is equivalent to "man --path".

-W  Like -w, but print file names one per line, without additional information. This is useful in shell commands like man -aW man | xargs ls -l

CAT PAGES
Man will try to save the formatted man pages, in order to save formatting time the next time these pages are needed. Traditionally, formatted versions of pages in DIR/manX are saved in DIR/catX, but other mappings from man dir to cat dir can be specified in /usr/lib/man.conf. No cat pages are saved when the required cat directory does not exist.

It is possible to make man suid to a user man. Then, if a cat directory has owner man and mode 0755 (only writable by man), and the cat files have owner man and mode 0644 or 0444 (only writable by man, or not writable at all), no ordinary user can change the cat pages or put other files in the cat directory. If man is not made suid, then a cat directory should have mode 0777 if all users should be able to leave cat pages there.

The option -c forces reformatting a page, even if a recent cat page exists.

ENVIRONMENT

MANPATH
    If MANPATH is set, its value is used as the path to search for manual pages.

MANROFFSEQ
    If MANROFFSEQ is set, its value is used to determine the set of preprocessors run before running nroff or troff. By default, pages are passed through the table preprocessor before nroff.

MANSECT
    If MANSECT is set, its value is used to determine which manual sections to search.

MANWIDTH
    If MANWIDTH is set, its value is used as the width manpages should be displayed. Otherwise the pages may be displayed over the whole width of your screen.

MANPAGER
    If MANPAGER is set, its value is used as the name of the program to use to display the man page. If not, then PAGER is used. If that has no value either, /usr/bin/less -is is used.

LANG
    If LANG is set, its value defines the name of the subdirectory where man first looks for man pages. Thus, the command `LANG=dk man 1 foo' will cause man to look for the foo man page in .../dk/man1/foo.1, and if it cannot find such a file, then in .../man1/foo.1, where ... is a directory on the search path.

NLSPATH, LC_MESSAGES, LANG
    The environment variables NLSPATH and LC_MESSAGES (or LANG when the latter does not exist) play a role in locating the message catalog. (But the English messages are compiled in, and for English no catalog is required.) Note that programs like col(1) called by man also use e.g. LC_CTYPE.

PATH
    PATH is used in the construction of the default search path for man pages.

SYSTEM
    SYSTEM is used to get the default alternate system name (for use with the -m option).

SEE ALSO
apropos(1), whatis(1), less(1), groff(1).

BUGS
The -t option only works if a troff-like program is installed.
If you see blinking \255 or <AD> instead of hyphens, put `LESSCHARSET=latin1' in your environment.